// Version 1.0a
// Copyright (C) 1998, James R. Weeks and BioElectroMech.
// Visit BioElectroMech at www.obrador.com. Email James@obrador.com.
// See license.txt (included below - search for LICENSE.TXT) for details
// about the allowed used of this software.
// This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group.
// See IJGreadme.txt (included below - search for IJGREADME.TXT)
// for details about the Independent JPEG Group's license.
// This encoder is inspired by the Java Jpeg encoder by Florian Raemy,
// studwww.eurecom.fr/~raemy.
// It borrows a great deal of code and structure from the Independent
// Jpeg Group's Jpeg 6a library, Copyright Thomas G. Lane.
// See license.txt for details.
package net.sourceforge.processdash.ui.lib;
//import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
/*
* JpegEncoder - The JPEG main program which performs a jpeg compression of
* an image.
*/
public class JpegEncoder extends Frame
{
//Thread runner;
BufferedOutputStream outStream;
//Image image;
JpegInfo JpegObj;
Huffman Huf;
DCT dct;
int imageHeight, imageWidth;
int Quality;
//int code;
public static int[] jpegNaturalOrder = {
0, 1, 8, 16, 9, 2, 3, 10,
17, 24, 32, 25, 18, 11, 4, 5,
12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 48, 41, 34,
27, 20, 13, 6, 7, 14, 21, 28,
35, 42, 49, 56, 57, 50, 43, 36,
29, 22, 15, 23, 30, 37, 44, 51,
58, 59, 52, 45, 38, 31, 39, 46,
53, 60, 61, 54, 47, 55, 62, 63,
};
public JpegEncoder(Image image, int quality, OutputStream out)
{
MediaTracker tracker = new MediaTracker(this);
tracker.addImage(image, 0);
try {
tracker.waitForID(0);
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
// Got to do something?
}
/*
* Quality of the image.
* 0 to 100 and from bad image quality, high compression to good
* image quality low compression
*/
Quality=quality;
/*
* Getting picture information
* It takes the Width, Height and RGB scans of the image.
*/
JpegObj = new JpegInfo(image);
imageHeight=JpegObj.imageHeight;
imageWidth=JpegObj.imageWidth;
outStream = new BufferedOutputStream(out);
dct = new DCT(Quality);
Huf=new Huffman(imageWidth,imageHeight);
}
public void setQuality(int quality) {
dct = new DCT(quality);
}
public int getQuality() {
return Quality;
}
public void Compress() {
WriteHeaders(outStream);
WriteCompressedData(outStream);
WriteEOI(outStream);
try {
outStream.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("IO Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
public void WriteCompressedData(BufferedOutputStream outStream) {
int offset, i, j, r, c,a ,b, temp = 0;
int comp, xpos, ypos, xblockoffset, yblockoffset;
float inputArray[][];
float dctArray1[][] = new float[8][8];
double dctArray2[][] = new double[8][8];
int dctArray3[] = new int[8*8];
/*
* This method controls the compression of the image.
* Starting at the upper left of the image, it compresses 8x8 blocks
* of data until the entire image has been compressed.
*/
int lastDCvalue[] = new int[JpegObj.NumberOfComponents];
int zeroArray[] = new int[64]; // initialized to hold all zeros
int Width = 0, Height = 0;
int nothing = 0, not;
int MinBlockWidth, MinBlockHeight;
// This initial setting of MinBlockWidth and MinBlockHeight is done to
// ensure they start with values larger than will actually be the case.
MinBlockWidth = ((imageWidth%8 != 0) ? (int) (Math.floor((double) imageWidth/8.0) + 1)*8 : imageWidth);
MinBlockHeight = ((imageHeight%8 != 0) ? (int) (Math.floor((double) imageHeight/8.0) + 1)*8: imageHeight);
for (comp = 0; comp < JpegObj.NumberOfComponents; comp++) {
MinBlockWidth = Math.min(MinBlockWidth, JpegObj.BlockWidth[comp]);
MinBlockHeight = Math.min(MinBlockHeight, JpegObj.BlockHeight[comp]);
}
xpos = 0;
for (r = 0; r < MinBlockHeight; r++) {
for (c = 0; c < MinBlockWidth; c++) {
xpos = c*8;
ypos = r*8;
for (comp = 0; comp < JpegObj.NumberOfComponents; comp++) {
Width = JpegObj.BlockWidth[comp];
Height = JpegObj.BlockHeight[comp];
inputArray = (float[][]) JpegObj.Components[comp];
for(i = 0; i < JpegObj.VsampFactor[comp]; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < JpegObj.HsampFactor[comp]; j++) {
xblockoffset = j * 8;
yblockoffset = i * 8;
for (a = 0; a < 8; a++) {
for (b = 0; b < 8; b++) {
// I believe this is where the dirty line at the bottom of the image is
// coming from. I need to do a check here to make sure I'm not reading past
// image data.
// This seems to not be a big issue right now. (04/04/98)
dctArray1[a][b] = inputArray[ypos + yblockoffset + a][xpos + xblockoffset + b];
}
}
// The following code commented out because on some images this technique
// results in poor right and bottom borders.
// if ((!JpegObj.lastColumnIsDummy[comp] || c < Width - 1) && (!JpegObj.lastRowIsDummy[comp] || r < Height - 1)) {
dctArray2 = dct.forwardDCT(dctArray1);
dctArray3 = dct.quantizeBlock(dctArray2, JpegObj.QtableNumber[comp]);
// }
// else {
// zeroArray[0] = dctArray3[0];
// zeroArray[0] = lastDCvalue[comp];
// dctArray3 = zeroArray;
// }
Huf.HuffmanBlockEncoder(outStream, dctArray3, lastDCvalue[comp], JpegObj.DCtableNumber[comp], JpegObj.ACtableNumber[comp]);
lastDCvalue[comp] = dctArray3[0];
}
}
}
}
}
Huf.flushBuffer(outStream);
}
public void WriteEOI(BufferedOutputStream out) {
byte[] EOI = {(byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xD9};
WriteMarker(EOI, out);
}
public void WriteHeaders(BufferedOutputStream out) {
int i, j, index, offset, length;
int tempArray[];
// the SOI marker
byte[] SOI = {(byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xD8};
WriteMarker(SOI, out);
// The order of the following headers is quiet inconsequential.
// the JFIF header
byte JFIF[] = new byte[18];
JFIF[0] = (byte) 0xff;
JFIF[1] = (byte) 0xe0;
JFIF[2] = (byte) 0x00;
JFIF[3] = (byte) 0x10;
JFIF[4] = (byte) 0x4a;
JFIF[5] = (byte) 0x46;
JFIF[6] = (byte) 0x49;
JFIF[7] = (byte) 0x46;
JFIF[8] = (byte) 0x00;
JFIF[9] = (byte) 0x01;
JFIF[10] = (byte) 0x00;
JFIF[11] = (byte) 0x00;
JFIF[12] = (byte) 0x00;
JFIF[13] = (byte) 0x01;
JFIF[14] = (byte) 0x00;
JFIF[15] = (byte) 0x01;
JFIF[16] = (byte) 0x00;
JFIF[17] = (byte) 0x00;
WriteArray(JFIF, out);
// Comment Header
String comment = new String();
comment = JpegObj.getComment();
length = comment.length();
byte COM[] = new byte[length + 4];
COM[0] = (byte) 0xFF;
COM[1] = (byte) 0xFE;
COM[2] = (byte) ((length >> 8) & 0xFF);
COM[3] = (byte) (length & 0xFF);
java.lang.System.arraycopy(JpegObj.Comment.getBytes(), 0, COM, 4, JpegObj.Comment.length());
WriteArray(COM, out);
// The DQT header
// 0 is the luminance index and 1 is the chrominance index
byte DQT[] = new byte[134];
DQT[0] = (byte) 0xFF;
DQT[1] = (byte) 0xDB;
DQT[2] = (byte) 0x00;
DQT[3] = (byte) 0x84;
offset = 4;
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
DQT[offset++] = (byte) ((0 << 4) + i);
tempArray = (int[]) dct.quantum[i];
for (j = 0; j < 64; j++) {
DQT[offset++] = (byte) tempArray[jpegNaturalOrder[j]];
}
}
WriteArray(DQT, out);
// Start of Frame Header
byte SOF[] = new byte[19];
SOF[0] = (byte) 0xFF;
SOF[1] = (byte) 0xC0;
SOF[2] = (byte) 0x00;
SOF[3] = (byte) 17;
SOF[4] = (byte) JpegObj.Precision;
SOF[5] = (byte) ((JpegObj.imageHeight >> 8) & 0xFF);
SOF[6] = (byte) ((JpegObj.imageHeight) & 0xFF);
SOF[7] = (byte) ((JpegObj.imageWidth >> 8) & 0xFF);
SOF[8] = (byte) ((JpegObj.imageWidth) & 0xFF);
SOF[9] = (byte) JpegObj.NumberOfComponents;
index = 10;
for (i = 0; i < SOF[9]; i++) {
SOF[index++] = (byte) JpegObj.CompID[i];
SOF[index++] = (byte) ((JpegObj.HsampFactor[i] << 4) + JpegObj.VsampFactor[i]);
SOF[index++] = (byte) JpegObj.QtableNumber[i];
}
WriteArray(SOF, out);
// The DHT Header
byte DHT1[], DHT2[], DHT3[], DHT4[];
int bytes, temp, oldindex, intermediateindex;
length = 2;
index = 4;
oldindex = 4;
DHT1 = new byte[17];
DHT4 = new byte[4];
DHT4[0] = (byte) 0xFF;
DHT4[1] = (byte) 0xC4;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
bytes = 0;
DHT1[index++ - oldindex] = (byte) ((int[]) Huf.bits.elementAt(i))[0];
for (j = 1; j < 17; j++) {
temp = ((int[]) Huf.bits.elementAt(i))[j];
DHT1[index++ - oldindex] =(byte) temp;
bytes += temp;
}
intermediateindex = index;
DHT2 = new byte[bytes];
for (j = 0; j < bytes; j++) {
DHT2[index++ - intermediateindex] = (byte) ((int[]) Huf.val.elementAt(i))[j];
}
DHT3 = new byte[index];
java.lang.System.arraycopy(DHT4, 0, DHT3, 0, oldindex);
java.lang.System.arraycopy(DHT1, 0, DHT3, oldindex, 17);
java.lang.System.arraycopy(DHT2, 0, DHT3, oldindex + 17, bytes);
DHT4 = DHT3;
oldindex = index;
}
DHT4[2] = (byte) (((index - 2) >> 8)& 0xFF);
DHT4[3] = (byte) ((index -2) & 0xFF);
WriteArray(DHT4, out);
// Start of Scan Header
byte SOS[] = new byte[14];
SOS[0] = (byte) 0xFF;
SOS[1] = (byte) 0xDA;
SOS[2] = (byte) 0x00;
SOS[3] = (byte) 12;
SOS[4] = (byte) JpegObj.NumberOfComponents;
index = 5;
for (i = 0; i < SOS[4]; i++) {
SOS[index++] = (byte) JpegObj.CompID[i];
SOS[index++] = (byte) ((JpegObj.DCtableNumber[i] << 4) + JpegObj.ACtableNumber[i]);
}
SOS[index++] = (byte) JpegObj.Ss;
SOS[index++] = (byte) JpegObj.Se;
SOS[index++] = (byte) ((JpegObj.Ah << 4) + JpegObj.Al);
WriteArray(SOS, out);
}
void WriteMarker(byte[] data, BufferedOutputStream out) {
try {
out.write(data, 0, 2);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("IO Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
void WriteArray(byte[] data, BufferedOutputStream out) {
int i, length;
try {
length = (((int) (data[2] & 0xFF)) << 8) + (int) (data[3] & 0xFF) + 2;
out.write(data, 0, length);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("IO Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
// This class incorporates quality scaling as implemented in the JPEG-6a
// library.
/*
* DCT - A Java implementation of the Discreet Cosine Transform
*/
class DCT
{
/**
* DCT Block Size - default 8
*/
public int N = 8;
/**
* Image Quality (0-100) - default 80 (good image / good compression)
*/
public int QUALITY = 80;
public Object quantum[] = new Object[2];
public Object Divisors[] = new Object[2];
/**
* Quantitization Matrix for luminace.
*/
public int quantum_luminance[] = new int[N*N];
public double DivisorsLuminance[] = new double[N*N];
/**
* Quantitization Matrix for chrominance.
*/
public int quantum_chrominance[] = new int[N*N];
public double DivisorsChrominance[] = new double[N*N];
/**
* Constructs a new DCT object. Initializes the cosine transform matrix
* these are used when computing the DCT and it's inverse. This also
* initializes the run length counters and the ZigZag sequence. Note that
* the image quality can be worse than 25 however the image will be
* extemely pixelated, usually to a block size of N.
*
* @param QUALITY The quality of the image (0 worst - 100 best)
*
*/
public DCT(int QUALITY)
{
initMatrix(QUALITY);
}
/*
* This method sets up the quantization matrix for luminance and
* chrominance using the Quality parameter.
*/
private void initMatrix(int quality)
{
double[] AANscaleFactor = { 1.0, 1.387039845, 1.306562965, 1.175875602,
1.0, 0.785694958, 0.541196100, 0.275899379};
int i;
int j;
int index;
int Quality;
int temp;
// converting quality setting to that specified in the jpeg_quality_scaling
// method in the IJG Jpeg-6a C libraries
Quality = quality;
if (Quality <= 0)
Quality = 1;
if (Quality > 100)
Quality = 100;
if (Quality < 50)
Quality = 5000 / Quality;
else
Quality = 200 - Quality * 2;
// Creating the luminance matrix
quantum_luminance[0]=16;
quantum_luminance[1]=11;
quantum_luminance[2]=10;
quantum_luminance[3]=16;
quantum_luminance[4]=24;
quantum_luminance[5]=40;
quantum_luminance[6]=51;
quantum_luminance[7]=61;
quantum_luminance[8]=12;
quantum_luminance[9]=12;
quantum_luminance[10]=14;
quantum_luminance[11]=19;
quantum_luminance[12]=26;
quantum_luminance[13]=58;
quantum_luminance[14]=60;
quantum_luminance[15]=55;
quantum_luminance[16]=14;
quantum_luminance[17]=13;
quantum_luminance[18]=16;
quantum_luminance[19]=24;
quantum_luminance[20]=40;
quantum_luminance[21]=57;
quantum_luminance[22]=69;
quantum_luminance[23]=56;
quantum_luminance[24]=14;
quantum_luminance[25]=17;
quantum_luminance[26]=22;
quantum_luminance[27]=29;
quantum_luminance[28]=51;
quantum_luminance[29]=87;
quantum_luminance[30]=80;
quantum_luminance[31]=62;
quantum_luminance[32]=18;
quantum_luminance[33]=22;
quantum_luminance[34]=37;
quantum_luminance[35]=56;
quantum_luminance[36]=68;
quantum_luminance[37]=109;
quantum_luminance[38]=103;
quantum_luminance[39]=77;
quantum_luminance[40]=24;
quantum_luminance[41]=35;
quantum_luminance[42]=55;
quantum_luminance[43]=64;
quantum_luminance[44]=81;
quantum_luminance[45]=104;
quantum_luminance[46]=113;
quantum_luminance[47]=92;
quantum_luminance[48]=49;
quantum_luminance[49]=64;
quantum_luminance[50]=78;
quantum_luminance[51]=87;
quantum_luminance[52]=103;
quantum_luminance[53]=121;
quantum_luminance[54]=120;
quantum_luminance[55]=101;
quantum_luminance[56]=72;
quantum_luminance[57]=92;
quantum_luminance[58]=95;
quantum_luminance[59]=98;
quantum_luminance[60]=112;
quantum_luminance[61]=100;
quantum_luminance[62]=103;
quantum_luminance[63]=99;
for (j = 0; j < 64; j++)
{
temp = (quantum_luminance[j] * Quality + 50) / 100;
if ( temp <= 0) temp = 1;
if (temp > 255) temp = 255;
quantum_luminance[j] = temp;
}
index = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
// The divisors for the LL&M method (the slow integer method used in
// jpeg 6a library). This method is currently (04/04/98) incompletely
// implemented.
// DivisorsLuminance[index] = ((double) quantum_luminance[index]) << 3;
// The divisors for the AAN method (the float method used in jpeg 6a library.
DivisorsLuminance[index] = (double) ((double)1.0/((double) quantum_luminance[index] * AANscaleFactor[i] * AANscaleFactor[j] * (double) 8.0));
index++;
}
}
// Creating the chrominance matrix
quantum_chrominance[0]=17;
quantum_chrominance[1]=18;
quantum_chrominance[2]=24;
quantum_chrominance[3]=47;
quantum_chrominance[4]=99;
quantum_chrominance[5]=99;
quantum_chrominance[6]=99;
quantum_chrominance[7]=99;
quantum_chrominance[8]=18;
quantum_chrominance[9]=21;
quantum_chrominance[10]=26;
quantum_chrominance[11]=66;
quantum_chrominance[12]=99;
quantum_chrominance[13]=99;
quantum_chrominance[14]=99;
quantum_chrominance[15]=99;
quantum_chrominance[16]=24;
quantum_chrominance[17]=26;
quantum_chrominance[18]=56;
quantum_chrominance[19]=99;
quantum_chrominance[20]=99;
quantum_chrominance[21]=99;
quantum_chrominance[22]=99;
quantum_chrominance[23]=99;
quantum_chrominance[24]=47;
quantum_chrominance[25]=66;
quantum_chrominance[26]=99;
quantum_chrominance[27]=99;
quantum_chrominance[28]=99;
quantum_chrominance[29]=99;
quantum_chrominance[30]=99;
quantum_chrominance[31]=99;
quantum_chrominance[32]=99;
quantum_chrominance[33]=99;
quantum_chrominance[34]=99;
quantum_chrominance[35]=99;
quantum_chrominance[36]=99;
quantum_chrominance[37]=99;
quantum_chrominance[38]=99;
quantum_chrominance[39]=99;
quantum_chrominance[40]=99;
quantum_chrominance[41]=99;
quantum_chrominance[42]=99;
quantum_chrominance[43]=99;
quantum_chrominance[44]=99;
quantum_chrominance[45]=99;
quantum_chrominance[46]=99;
quantum_chrominance[47]=99;
quantum_chrominance[48]=99;
quantum_chrominance[49]=99;
quantum_chrominance[50]=99;
quantum_chrominance[51]=99;
quantum_chrominance[52]=99;
quantum_chrominance[53]=99;
quantum_chrominance[54]=99;
quantum_chrominance[55]=99;
quantum_chrominance[56]=99;
quantum_chrominance[57]=99;
quantum_chrominance[58]=99;
quantum_chrominance[59]=99;
quantum_chrominance[60]=99;
quantum_chrominance[61]=99;
quantum_chrominance[62]=99;
quantum_chrominance[63]=99;
for (j = 0; j < 64; j++)
{
temp = (quantum_chrominance[j] * Quality + 50) / 100;
if ( temp <= 0) temp = 1;
if (temp >= 255) temp = 255;
quantum_chrominance[j] = temp;
}
index = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
// The divisors for the LL&M method (the slow integer method used in
// jpeg 6a library). This method is currently (04/04/98) incompletely
// implemented.
// DivisorsChrominance[index] = ((double) quantum_chrominance[index]) << 3;
// The divisors for the AAN method (the float method used in jpeg 6a library.
DivisorsChrominance[index] = (double) ((double)1.0/((double) quantum_chrominance[index] * AANscaleFactor[i] * AANscaleFactor[j] * (double)8.0));
index++;
}
}
// quantum and Divisors are objects used to hold the appropriate matices
quantum[0] = quantum_luminance;
Divisors[0] = DivisorsLuminance;
quantum[1] = quantum_chrominance;
Divisors[1] = DivisorsChrominance;
}
/*
* This method preforms forward DCT on a block of image data using
* the literal method specified for a 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform.
* It is included as a curiosity and can give you an idea of the
* difference in the compression result (the resulting image quality)
* by comparing its output to the output of the AAN method below.
* It is ridiculously inefficient.
*/
// For now the final output is unusable. The associated quantization step
// needs some tweaking. If you get this part working, please let me know.
public double[][] forwardDCTExtreme(float input[][])
{
double output[][] = new double[N][N];
double tmp0, tmp1, tmp2, tmp3, tmp4, tmp5, tmp6, tmp7;
double tmp10, tmp11, tmp12, tmp13;
double z1, z2, z3, z4, z5, z11, z13;
int i;
int j;
int v, u, x, y;
for (v = 0; v < 8; v++) {
for (u = 0; u < 8; u++) {
for (x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
for (y = 0; y < 8; y++) {
output[v][u] += ((double)input[x][y])*Math.cos(((double)(2*x + 1)*(double)u*Math.PI)/(double)16)*Math.cos(((double)(2*y + 1)*(double)v*Math.PI)/(double)16);
}
}
output[v][u] *= (double)(0.25)*((u == 0) ? ((double)1.0/Math.sqrt(2)) : (double) 1.0)*((v == 0) ? ((double)1.0/Math.sqrt(2)) : (double) 1.0);
}
}
return output;
}
/*
* This method preforms a DCT on a block of image data using the AAN
* method as implemented in the IJG Jpeg-6a library.
*/
public double[][] forwardDCT(float input[][])
{
double output[][] = new double[N][N];
double tmp0, tmp1, tmp2, tmp3, tmp4, tmp5, tmp6, tmp7;
double tmp10, tmp11, tmp12, tmp13;
double z1, z2, z3, z4, z5, z11, z13;
int i;
int j;
// Subtracts 128 from the input values
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
output[i][j] = ((double)input[i][j] - (double)128.0);
// input[i][j] -= 128;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
tmp0 = output[i][0] + output[i][7];
tmp7 = output[i][0] - output[i][7];
tmp1 = output[i][1] + output[i][6];
tmp6 = output[i][1] - output[i][6];
tmp2 = output[i][2] + output[i][5];
tmp5 = output[i][2] - output[i][5];
tmp3 = output[i][3] + output[i][4];
tmp4 = output[i][3] - output[i][4];
tmp10 = tmp0 + tmp3;
tmp13 = tmp0 - tmp3;
tmp11 = tmp1 + tmp2;
tmp12 = tmp1 - tmp2;
output[i][0] = tmp10 + tmp11;
output[i][4] = tmp10 - tmp11;
z1 = (tmp12 + tmp13) * (double) 0.707106781;
output[i][2] = tmp13 + z1;
output[i][6] = tmp13 - z1;
tmp10 = tmp4 + tmp5;
tmp11 = tmp5 + tmp6;
tmp12 = tmp6 + tmp7;
z5 = (tmp10 - tmp12) * (double) 0.382683433;
z2 = ((double) 0.541196100) * tmp10 + z5;
z4 = ((double) 1.306562965) * tmp12 + z5;
z3 = tmp11 * ((double) 0.707106781);
z11 = tmp7 + z3;
z13 = tmp7 - z3;
output[i][5] = z13 + z2;
output[i][3] = z13 - z2;
output[i][1] = z11 + z4;
output[i][7] = z11 - z4;
}
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
tmp0 = output[0][i] + output[7][i];
tmp7 = output[0][i] - output[7][i];
tmp1 = output[1][i] + output[6][i];
tmp6 = output[1][i] - output[6][i];
tmp2 = output[2][i] + output[5][i];
tmp5 = output[2][i] - output[5][i];
tmp3 = output[3][i] + output[4][i];
tmp4 = output[3][i] - output[4][i];
tmp10 = tmp0 + tmp3;
tmp13 = tmp0 - tmp3;
tmp11 = tmp1 + tmp2;
tmp12 = tmp1 - tmp2;
output[0][i] = tmp10 + tmp11;
output[4][i] = tmp10 - tmp11;
z1 = (tmp12 + tmp13) * (double) 0.707106781;
output[2][i] = tmp13 + z1;
output[6][i] = tmp13 - z1;
tmp10 = tmp4 + tmp5;
tmp11 = tmp5 + tmp6;
tmp12 = tmp6 + tmp7;
z5 = (tmp10 - tmp12) * (double) 0.382683433;
z2 = ((double) 0.541196100) * tmp10 + z5;
z4 = ((double) 1.306562965) * tmp12 + z5;
z3 = tmp11 * ((double) 0.707106781);
z11 = tmp7 + z3;
z13 = tmp7 - z3;
output[5][i] = z13 + z2;
output[3][i] = z13 - z2;
output[1][i] = z11 + z4;
output[7][i] = z11 - z4;
}
return output;
}
/*
* This method quantitizes data and rounds it to the nearest integer.
*/
public int[] quantizeBlock(double inputData[][], int code)
{
int outputData[] = new int[N*N];
int i, j;
int index;
index = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
// The second line results in significantly better compression.
outputData[index] = (int)(Math.round(inputData[i][j] * (((double[]) (Divisors[code]))[index])));
// outputData[index] = (int)(((inputData[i][j] * (((double[]) (Divisors[code]))[index])) + 16384.5) -16384);
index++;
}
}
return outputData;
}
/*
* This is the method for quantizing a block DCT'ed with forwardDCTExtreme
* This method quantitizes data and rounds it to the nearest integer.
*/
public int[] quantizeBlockExtreme(double inputData[][], int code)
{
int outputData[] = new int[N*N];
int i, j;
int index;
index = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
outputData[index] = (int)(Math.round(inputData[i][j] / (double)(((int[]) (quantum[code]))[index])));
index++;
}
}
return outputData;
}
}
// This class was modified by James R. Weeks on 3/27/98.
// It now incorporates Huffman table derivation as in the C jpeg library
// from the IJG, Jpeg-6a.
class Huffman
{
int bufferPutBits, bufferPutBuffer;
public int ImageHeight;
public int ImageWidth;
public int DC_matrix0[][];
public int AC_matrix0[][];
public int DC_matrix1[][];
public int AC_matrix1[][];
public Object DC_matrix[];
public Object AC_matrix[];
public int code;
public int NumOfDCTables;
public int NumOfACTables;
public int[] bitsDCluminance = { 0x00, 0, 1, 5, 1, 1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
public int[] valDCluminance = { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 };
public int[] bitsDCchrominance = { 0x01,0,3,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0 };
public int[] valDCchrominance = { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 };
public int[] bitsACluminance = {0x10,0,2,1,3,3,2,4,3,5,5,4,4,0,0,1,0x7d };
public int[] valACluminance =
{ 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, 0x11, 0x05, 0x12,
0x21, 0x31, 0x41, 0x06, 0x13, 0x51, 0x61, 0x07,
0x22, 0x71, 0x14, 0x32, 0x81, 0x91, 0xa1, 0x08,
0x23, 0x42, 0xb1, 0xc1, 0x15, 0x52, 0xd1, 0xf0,
0x24, 0x33, 0x62, 0x72, 0x82, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x16,
0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28,
0x29, 0x2a, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39,
0x3a, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48, 0x49,
0x4a, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58, 0x59,
0x5a, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
0x6a, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79,
0x7a, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89,
0x8a, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, 0x98,
0x99, 0x9a, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7,
0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6,
0xb7, 0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5,
0xc6, 0xc7, 0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4,
0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xe1, 0xe2,
0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7, 0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea,
0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7, 0xf8,
0xf9, 0xfa };
public int[] bitsACchrominance = { 0x11,0,2,1,2,4,4,3,4,7,5,4,4,0,1,2,0x77 };;
public int[] valACchrominance =
{ 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x11, 0x04, 0x05, 0x21,
0x31, 0x06, 0x12, 0x41, 0x51, 0x07, 0x61, 0x71,
0x13, 0x22, 0x32, 0x81, 0x08, 0x14, 0x42, 0x91,
0xa1, 0xb1, 0xc1, 0x09, 0x23, 0x33, 0x52, 0xf0,
0x15, 0x62, 0x72, 0xd1, 0x0a, 0x16, 0x24, 0x34,
0xe1, 0x25, 0xf1, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x26,
0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38,
0x39, 0x3a, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48,
0x49, 0x4a, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58,
0x59, 0x5a, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68,
0x69, 0x6a, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78,
0x79, 0x7a, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87,
0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96,
0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5,
0xa6, 0xa7, 0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4,
0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, 0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xc2, 0xc3,
0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7, 0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xd2,
0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda,
0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7, 0xe8, 0xe9,
0xea, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7, 0xf8,
0xf9, 0xfa };
public Vector bits;
public Vector val;
/*
* The Huffman class constructor
*/
public Huffman(int Width,int Height)
{
bits = new Vector();
bits.addElement(bitsDCluminance);
bits.addElement(bitsACluminance);
bits.addElement(bitsDCchrominance);
bits.addElement(bitsACchrominance);
val = new Vector();
val.addElement(valDCluminance);
val.addElement(valACluminance);
val.addElement(valDCchrominance);
val.addElement(valACchrominance);
initHuf();
//code=code;
ImageWidth=Width;
ImageHeight=Height;
}
/**
* HuffmanBlockEncoder run length encodes and Huffman encodes the quantized
* data.
**/
public void HuffmanBlockEncoder(BufferedOutputStream outStream, int zigzag[], int prec, int DCcode, int ACcode)
{
int temp, temp2, nbits, k, r, i;
NumOfDCTables = 2;
NumOfACTables = 2;
// The DC portion
temp = temp2 = zigzag[0] - prec;
if(temp < 0) {
temp = -temp;
temp2--;
}
nbits = 0;
while (temp != 0) {
nbits++;
temp >>= 1;
}
// if (nbits > 11) nbits = 11;
bufferIt(outStream, ((int[][])DC_matrix[DCcode])[nbits][0], ((int[][])DC_matrix[DCcode])[nbits][1]);
// The arguments in bufferIt are code and size.
if (nbits != 0) {
bufferIt(outStream, temp2, nbits);
}
// The AC portion
r = 0;
for (k = 1; k < 64; k++) {
if ((temp = zigzag[jpegNaturalOrder[k]]) == 0) {
r++;
}
else {
while (r > 15) {
bufferIt(outStream, ((int[][])AC_matrix[ACcode])[0xF0][0], ((int[][])AC_matrix[ACcode])[0xF0][1]);
r -= 16;
}
temp2 = temp;
if (temp < 0) {
temp = -temp;
temp2--;
}
nbits = 1;
while ((temp >>= 1) != 0) {
nbits++;
}
i = (r << 4) + nbits;
bufferIt(outStream, ((int[][])AC_matrix[ACcode])[i][0], ((int[][])AC_matrix[ACcode])[i][1]);
bufferIt(outStream, temp2, nbits);
r = 0;
}
}
if (r > 0) {
bufferIt(outStream, ((int[][])AC_matrix[ACcode])[0][0], ((int[][])AC_matrix[ACcode])[0][1]);
}
}
// Uses an integer long (32 bits) buffer to store the Huffman encoded bits
// and sends them to outStream by the byte.
void bufferIt(BufferedOutputStream outStream, int code,int size)
{
int PutBuffer = code;
int PutBits = bufferPutBits;
PutBuffer &= (1 << size) - 1;
PutBits += size;
PutBuffer <<= 24 - PutBits;
PutBuffer |= bufferPutBuffer;
while(PutBits >= 8) {
int c = ((PutBuffer >> 16) & 0xFF);
try
{
outStream.write(c);
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("IO Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
if (c == 0xFF) {
try
{
outStream.write(0);
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("IO Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
PutBuffer <<= 8;
PutBits -= 8;
}
bufferPutBuffer = PutBuffer;
bufferPutBits = PutBits;
}
void flushBuffer(BufferedOutputStream outStream) {
int PutBuffer = bufferPutBuffer;
int PutBits = bufferPutBits;
while (PutBits >= 8) {
int c = ((PutBuffer >> 16) & 0xFF);
try
{
outStream.write(c);
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("IO Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
if (c == 0xFF) {
try {
outStream.write(0);
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("IO Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
PutBuffer <<= 8;
PutBits -= 8;
}
if (PutBits > 0) {
int c = ((PutBuffer >> 16) & 0xFF);
try
{
outStream.write(c);
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("IO Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
/*
* Initialisation of the Huffman codes for Luminance and Chrominance.
* This code results in the same tables created in the IJG Jpeg-6a
* library.
*/
public void initHuf()
{
DC_matrix0=new int[12][2];
DC_matrix1=new int[12][2];
AC_matrix0=new int[255][2];
AC_matrix1=new int[255][2];
DC_matrix = new Object[2];
AC_matrix = new Object[2];
int p, l, i, lastp, si, code;
int[] huffsize = new int[257];
int[] huffcode= new int[257];
/*
* init of the DC values for the chrominance
* [][0] is the code [][1] is the number of bit
*/
p = 0;
for (l = 1; l <= 16; l++)
{
for (i = 1; i <= bitsDCchrominance[l]; i++)
{
huffsize[p++] = l;
}
}
huffsize[p] = 0;
lastp = p;
code = 0;
si = huffsize[0];
p = 0;
while(huffsize[p] != 0)
{
while(huffsize[p] == si)
{
huffcode[p++] = code;
code++;
}
code <<= 1;
si++;
}
for (p = 0; p < lastp; p++)
{
DC_matrix1[valDCchrominance[p]][0] = huffcode[p];
DC_matrix1[valDCchrominance[p]][1] = huffsize[p];
}
/*
* Init of the AC hufmann code for the chrominance
* matrix [][][0] is the code & matrix[][][1] is the number of bit needed
*/
p = 0;
for (l = 1; l <= 16; l++)
{
for (i = 1; i <= bitsACchrominance[l]; i++)
{
huffsize[p++] = l;
}
}
huffsize[p] = 0;
lastp = p;
code = 0;
si = huffsize[0];
p = 0;
while(huffsize[p] != 0)
{
while(huffsize[p] == si)
{
huffcode[p++] = code;
code++;
}
code <<= 1;
si++;
}
for (p = 0; p < lastp; p++)
{
AC_matrix1[valACchrominance[p]][0] = huffcode[p];
AC_matrix1[valACchrominance[p]][1] = huffsize[p];
}
/*
* init of the DC values for the luminance
* [][0] is the code [][1] is the number of bit
*/
p = 0;
for (l = 1; l <= 16; l++)
{
for (i = 1; i <= bitsDCluminance[l]; i++)
{
huffsize[p++] = l;
}
}
huffsize[p] = 0;
lastp = p;
code = 0;
si = huffsize[0];
p = 0;
while(huffsize[p] != 0)
{
while(huffsize[p] == si)
{
huffcode[p++] = code;
code++;
}
code <<= 1;
si++;
}
for (p = 0; p < lastp; p++)
{
DC_matrix0[valDCluminance[p]][0] = huffcode[p];
DC_matrix0[valDCluminance[p]][1] = huffsize[p];
}
/*
* Init of the AC hufmann code for luminance
* matrix [][][0] is the code & matrix[][][1] is the number of bit
*/
p = 0;
for (l = 1; l <= 16; l++)
{
for (i = 1; i <= bitsACluminance[l]; i++)
{
huffsize[p++] = l;
}
}
huffsize[p] = 0;
lastp = p;
code = 0;
si = huffsize[0];
p = 0;
while(huffsize[p] != 0)
{
while(huffsize[p] == si)
{
huffcode[p++] = code;
code++;
}
code <<= 1;
si++;
}
for (int q = 0; q < lastp; q++)
{
AC_matrix0[valACluminance[q]][0] = huffcode[q];
AC_matrix0[valACluminance[q]][1] = huffsize[q];
}
DC_matrix[0] = DC_matrix0;
DC_matrix[1] = DC_matrix1;
AC_matrix[0] = AC_matrix0;
AC_matrix[1] = AC_matrix1;
}
}
/*
* JpegInfo - Given an image, sets default information about it and divides
* it into its constituant components, downsizing those that need to be.
*/
class JpegInfo
{
String Comment;
public Image imageobj;
public int imageHeight;
public int imageWidth;
public int BlockWidth[];
public int BlockHeight[];
// the following are set as the default
public int Precision = 8;
public int NumberOfComponents = 3;
public Object Components[];
public int[] CompID = {1, 2, 3};
public int[] HsampFactor = {1, 1, 1};
public int[] VsampFactor = {1, 1, 1};
public int[] QtableNumber = {0, 1, 1};
public int[] DCtableNumber = {0, 1, 1};
public int[] ACtableNumber = {0, 1, 1};
public boolean[] lastColumnIsDummy = {false, false, false};
public boolean[] lastRowIsDummy = {false, false, false};
public int Ss = 0;
public int Se = 63;
public int Ah = 0;
public int Al = 0;
public int compWidth[], compHeight[];
public int MaxHsampFactor;
public int MaxVsampFactor;
public JpegInfo(Image image)
{
Components = new Object[NumberOfComponents];
compWidth = new int[NumberOfComponents];
compHeight = new int[NumberOfComponents];
BlockWidth = new int[NumberOfComponents];
BlockHeight = new int[NumberOfComponents];
imageobj = image;
imageWidth = image.getWidth(null);
imageHeight = image.getHeight(null);
Comment = "JPEG Encoder Copyright 1998, James R. Weeks and BioElectroMech. ";
getYCCArray();
}
public void setComment(String comment) {
Comment.concat(comment);
}
public String getComment() {
return Comment;
}
/*
* This method creates and fills three arrays, Y, Cb, and Cr using the
* input image.
*/
private void getYCCArray()
{
int values[] = new int[imageWidth * imageHeight];
int r, g, b, y, x;
// In order to minimize the chance that grabPixels will throw an exception
// it may be necessary to grab some pixels every few scanlines and process
// those before going for more. The time expense may be prohibitive.
// However, for a situation where memory overhead is a concern, this may be
// the only choice.
PixelGrabber grabber = new PixelGrabber(imageobj.getSource(), 0, 0, imageWidth, imageHeight, values, 0, imageWidth);
MaxHsampFactor = 1;
MaxVsampFactor = 1;
for (y = 0; y < NumberOfComponents; y++) {
MaxHsampFactor = Math.max(MaxHsampFactor, HsampFactor[y]);
MaxVsampFactor = Math.max(MaxVsampFactor, VsampFactor[y]);
}
for (y = 0; y < NumberOfComponents; y++) {
compWidth[y] = (((imageWidth%8 != 0) ? ((int) Math.ceil((double) imageWidth/8.0))*8 : imageWidth)/MaxHsampFactor)*HsampFactor[y];
if (compWidth[y] != ((imageWidth/MaxHsampFactor)*HsampFactor[y])) {
lastColumnIsDummy[y] = true;
}
// results in a multiple of 8 for compWidth
// this will make the rest of the program fail for the unlikely
// event that someone tries to compress an 16 x 16 pixel image
// which would of course be worse than pointless
BlockWidth[y] = (int) Math.ceil((double) compWidth[y]/8.0);
compHeight[y] = (((imageHeight%8 != 0) ? ((int) Math.ceil((double) imageHeight/8.0))*8: imageHeight)/MaxVsampFactor)*VsampFactor[y];
if (compHeight[y] != ((imageHeight/MaxVsampFactor)*VsampFactor[y])) {
lastRowIsDummy[y] = true;
}
BlockHeight[y] = (int) Math.ceil((double) compHeight[y]/8.0);
}
try
{
if(grabber.grabPixels() != true)
{
try
{
throw new AWTException("Grabber returned false: " + grabber.status());
}
catch (Exception e) {};
}
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {};
float Y[][] = new float[compHeight[0]][compWidth[0]];
float Cr1[][] = new float[compHeight[0]][compWidth[0]];
float Cb1[][] = new float[compHeight[0]][compWidth[0]];
float Cb2[][] = new float[compHeight[1]][compWidth[1]];
float Cr2[][] = new float[compHeight[2]][compWidth[2]];
int index = 0;
for (y = 0; y < imageHeight; ++y)
{
for (x = 0; x < imageWidth; ++x)
{
r = ((values[index] >> 16) & 0xff);
g = ((values[index] >> 8) & 0xff);
b = (values[index] & 0xff);
// The following three lines are a more correct color conversion but
// the current conversion technique is sufficient and results in a higher
// compression rate.
// Y[y][x] = 16 + (float)(0.8588*(0.299 * (float)r + 0.587 * (float)g + 0.114 * (float)b ));
// Cb1[y][x] = 128 + (float)(0.8784*(-0.16874 * (float)r - 0.33126 * (float)g + 0.5 * (float)b));
// Cr1[y][x] = 128 + (float)(0.8784*(0.5 * (float)r - 0.41869 * (float)g - 0.08131 * (float)b));
Y[y][x] = (float)((0.299 * (float)r + 0.587 * (float)g + 0.114 * (float)b));
Cb1[y][x] = 128 + (float)((-0.16874 * (float)r - 0.33126 * (float)g + 0.5 * (float)b));
Cr1[y][x] = 128 + (float)((0.5 * (float)r - 0.41869 * (float)g - 0.08131 * (float)b));
index++;
}
}
// Need a way to set the H and V sample factors before allowing downsampling.
// For now (04/04/98) downsampling must be hard coded.
// Until a better downsampler is implemented, this will not be done.
// Downsampling is currently supported. The downsampling method here
// is a simple box filter.
Components[0] = Y;
// Cb2 = DownSample(Cb1, 1);
Components[1] = Cb1;
// Cr2 = DownSample(Cr1, 2);
Components[2] = Cr1;
}
float[][] DownSample(float[][] C, int comp)
{
int inrow, incol;
int outrow, outcol;
float output[][];
int temp;
int bias;
inrow = 0;
incol = 0;
output = new float[compHeight[comp]][compWidth[comp]];
for (outrow = 0; outrow < compHeight[comp]; outrow++) {
bias = 1;
for (outcol = 0; outcol < compWidth[comp]; outcol++) {
output[outrow][outcol] = (C[inrow][incol++] + C[inrow++][incol--] + C[inrow][incol++] + C[inrow--][incol++] + (float)bias)/(float)4.0;
bias ^= 3;
}
inrow += 2;
incol = 0;
}
return output;
}
}
/* LICENSE.TXT **************************************************************
The JpegEncoder and its associated classes are Copyright (c) 1998,
James R. Weeks and BioElectroMech. This software is based in part on
the work of the Independent JPEG Group.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions, all files included with the source
code, and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS
BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
****************************************************************************/
/* IJGREADME.TXT ************************************************************
The Independent JPEG Group's JPEG software
==========================================
README for release 6a of 7-Feb-96
=================================
This distribution contains the sixth public release of the Independent JPEG
Group's free JPEG software. You are welcome to redistribute this software and
to use it for any purpose, subject to the conditions under LEGAL ISSUES, below.
Serious users of this software (particularly those incorporating it into
larger programs) should contact IJG at jpeg-info@uunet.uu.net to be added to
our electronic mailing list. Mailing list members are notified of updates
and have a chance to participate in technical discussions, etc.
This software is the work of Tom Lane, Philip Gladstone, Luis Ortiz, Jim
Boucher, Lee Crocker, Julian Minguillon, George Phillips, Davide Rossi,
Ge' Weijers, and other members of the Independent JPEG Group.
IJG is not affiliated with the official ISO JPEG standards committee.
DOCUMENTATION ROADMAP
=====================
This file contains the following sections:
OVERVIEW General description of JPEG and the IJG software.
LEGAL ISSUES Copyright, lack of warranty, terms of distribution.
REFERENCES Where to learn more about JPEG.
ARCHIVE LOCATIONS Where to find newer versions of this software.
RELATED SOFTWARE Other stuff you should get.
FILE FORMAT WARS Software *not* to get.
TO DO Plans for future IJG releases.
Other documentation files in the distribution are:
User documentation:
install.doc How to configure and install the IJG software.
usage.doc Usage instructions for cjpeg, djpeg, jpegtran,
rdjpgcom, and wrjpgcom.
*.1 Unix-style man pages for programs (same info as usage.doc).
wizard.doc Advanced usage instructions for JPEG wizards only.
change.log Version-to-version change highlights.
Programmer and internal documentation:
libjpeg.doc How to use the JPEG library in your own programs.
example.c Sample code for calling the JPEG library.
structure.doc Overview of the JPEG library's internal structure.
filelist.doc Road map of IJG files.
coderules.doc Coding style rules --- please read if you contribute code.
Please read at least the files install.doc and usage.doc. Useful information
can also be found in the JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article. See
ARCHIVE LOCATIONS below to find out where to obtain the FAQ article.
If you want to understand how the JPEG code works, we suggest reading one or
more of the REFERENCES, then looking at the documentation files (in roughly
the order listed) before diving into the code.
OVERVIEW
========
This package contains C software to implement JPEG image compression and
decompression. JPEG (pronounced "jay-peg") is a standardized compression
method for full-color and gray-scale images. JPEG is intended for compressing
"real-world" scenes; line drawings, cartoons and other non-realistic images
are not its strong suit. JPEG is lossy, meaning that the output image is not
exactly identical to the input image. Hence you must not use JPEG if you
have to have identical output bits. However, on typical photographic images,
very good compression levels can be obtained with no visible change, and
remarkably high compression levels are possible if you can tolerate a
low-quality image. For more details, see the references, or just experiment
with various compression settings.
This software implements JPEG baseline, extended-sequential, and progressive
compression processes. Provision is made for supporting all variants of these
processes, although some uncommon parameter settings aren't implemented yet.
For legal reasons, we are not distributing code for the arithmetic-coding
variants of JPEG; see LEGAL ISSUES. We have made no provision for supporting
the hierarchical or lossless processes defined in the standard.
We provide a set of library routines for reading and writing JPEG image files,
plus two sample applications "cjpeg" and "djpeg", which use the library to
perform conversion between JPEG and some other popular image file formats.
The library is intended to be reused in other applications.
In order to support file conversion and viewing software, we have included
considerable functionality beyond the bare JPEG coding/decoding capability;
for example, the color quantization modules are not strictly part of JPEG
decoding, but they are essential for output to colormapped file formats or
colormapped displays. These extra functions can be compiled out of the
library if not required for a particular application. We have also included
"jpegtran", a utility for lossless transcoding between different JPEG
processes, and "rdjpgcom" and "wrjpgcom", two simple applications for
inserting and extracting textual comments in JFIF files.
The emphasis in designing this software has been on achieving portability and
flexibility, while also making it fast enough to be useful. In particular,
the software is not intended to be read as a tutorial on JPEG. (See the
REFERENCES section for introductory material.) Rather, it is intended to
be reliable, portable, industrial-strength code. We do not claim to have
achieved that goal in every aspect of the software, but we strive for it.
We welcome the use of this software as a component of commercial products.
No royalty is required, but we do ask for an acknowledgement in product
documentation, as described under LEGAL ISSUES.
LEGAL ISSUES
============
In plain English:
1. We don't promise that this software works. (But if you find any bugs,
please let us know!)
2. You can use this software for whatever you want. You don't have to pay us.
3. You may not pretend that you wrote this software. If you use it in a
program, you must acknowledge somewhere in your documentation that
you've used the IJG code.
In legalese:
The authors make NO WARRANTY or representation, either express or implied,
with respect to this software, its quality, accuracy, merchantability, or
fitness for a particular purpose. This software is provided "AS IS", and you,
its user, assume the entire risk as to its quality and accuracy.
This software is copyright (C) 1991-1996, Thomas G. Lane.
All Rights Reserved except as specified below.
Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
software (or portions thereof) for any purpose, without fee, subject to these
conditions:
(1) If any part of the source code for this software is distributed, then this
README file must be included, with this copyright and no-warranty notice
unaltered; and any additions, deletions, or changes to the original files
must be clearly indicated in accompanying documentation.
(2) If only executable code is distributed, then the accompanying
documentation must state that "this software is based in part on the work of
the Independent JPEG Group".
(3) Permission for use of this software is granted only if the user accepts
full responsibility for any undesirable consequences; the authors accept
NO LIABILITY for damages of any kind.
These conditions apply to any software derived from or based on the IJG code,
not just to the unmodified library. If you use our work, you ought to
acknowledge us.
Permission is NOT granted for the use of any IJG author's name or company name
in advertising or publicity relating to this software or products derived from
it. This software may be referred to only as "the Independent JPEG Group's
software".
We specifically permit and encourage the use of this software as the basis of
commercial products, provided that all warranty or liability claims are
assumed by the product vendor.
ansi2knr.c is included in this distribution by permission of L. Peter Deutsch,
sole proprietor of its copyright holder, Aladdin Enterprises of Menlo Park, CA.
ansi2knr.c is NOT covered by the above copyright and conditions, but instead
by the usual distribution terms of the Free Software Foundation; principally,
that you must include source code if you redistribute it. (See the file
ansi2knr.c for full details.) However, since ansi2knr.c is not needed as part
of any program generated from the IJG code, this does not limit you more than
the foregoing paragraphs do.
The configuration script "configure" was produced with GNU Autoconf. It
is copyright by the Free Software Foundation but is freely distributable.
It appears that the arithmetic coding option of the JPEG spec is covered by
patents owned by IBM, AT&T, and Mitsubishi. Hence arithmetic coding cannot
legally be used without obtaining one or more licenses. For this reason,
support for arithmetic coding has been removed from the free JPEG software.
(Since arithmetic coding provides only a marginal gain over the unpatented
Huffman mode, it is unlikely that very many implementations will support it.)
So far as we are aware, there are no patent restrictions on the remaining
code.
WARNING: Unisys has begun to enforce their patent on LZW compression against
GIF encoders and decoders. You will need a license from Unisys to use the
included rdgif.c or wrgif.c files in a commercial or shareware application.
At this time, Unisys is not enforcing their patent against freeware, so
distribution of this package remains legal. However, we intend to remove
GIF support from the IJG package as soon as a suitable replacement format
becomes reasonably popular.
We are required to state that
"The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the Copyright property of
CompuServe Incorporated. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of
CompuServe Incorporated."
REFERENCES
==========
We highly recommend reading one or more of these references before trying to
understand the innards of the JPEG software.
The best short technical introduction to the JPEG compression algorithm is
Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard",
Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34 no. 4), pp. 30-44.
(Adjacent articles in that issue discuss MPEG motion picture compression,
applications of JPEG, and related topics.) If you don't have the CACM issue
handy, a PostScript file containing a revised version of Wallace's article
is available at ftp.uu.net, graphics/jpeg/wallace.ps.gz. The file (actually
a preprint for an article that appeared in IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics)
omits the sample images that appeared in CACM, but it includes corrections
and some added material. Note: the Wallace article is copyright ACM and
IEEE, and it may not be used for commercial purposes.
A somewhat less technical, more leisurely introduction to JPEG can be found in
"The Data Compression Book" by Mark Nelson, published by M&T Books (Redwood
City, CA), 1991, ISBN 1-55851-216-0. This book provides good explanations and
example C code for a multitude of compression methods including JPEG. It is
an excellent source if you are comfortable reading C code but don't know much
about data compression in general. The book's JPEG sample code is far from
industrial-strength, but when you are ready to look at a full implementation,
you've got one here...
The best full description of JPEG is the textbook "JPEG Still Image Data
Compression Standard" by William B. Pennebaker and Joan L. Mitchell, published
by Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993, ISBN 0-442-01272-1. Price US$59.95, 638 pp.
The book includes the complete text of the ISO JPEG standards (DIS 10918-1
and draft DIS 10918-2). This is by far the most complete exposition of JPEG
in existence, and we highly recommend it.
The JPEG standard itself is not available electronically; you must order a
paper copy through ISO or ITU. (Unless you feel a need to own a certified
official copy, we recommend buying the Pennebaker and Mitchell book instead;
it's much cheaper and includes a great deal of useful explanatory material.)
In the USA, copies of the standard may be ordered from ANSI Sales at (212)
642-4900, or from Global Engineering Documents at (800) 854-7179. (ANSI
doesn't take credit card orders, but Global does.) It's not cheap: as of
1992, ANSI was charging $95 for Part 1 and $47 for Part 2, plus 7%
shipping/handling. The standard is divided into two parts, Part 1 being the
actual specification, while Part 2 covers compliance testing methods. Part 1
is titled "Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-tone Still Images,
Part 1: Requirements and guidelines" and has document numbers ISO/IEC IS
10918-1, ITU-T T.81. Part 2 is titled "Digital Compression and Coding of
Continuous-tone Still Images, Part 2: Compliance testing" and has document
numbers ISO/IEC IS 10918-2, ITU-T T.83.
Extensions to the original JPEG standard are defined in JPEG Part 3, a new ISO
document. Part 3 is undergoing ISO balloting and is expected to be approved
by the end of 1995; it will have document numbers ISO/IEC IS 10918-3, ITU-T
T.84. IJG currently does not support any Part 3 extensions.
The JPEG standard does not specify all details of an interchangeable file
format. For the omitted details we follow the "JFIF" conventions, revision
1.02. A copy of the JFIF spec is available from:
Literature Department
C-Cube Microsystems, Inc.
1778 McCarthy Blvd.
Milpitas, CA 95035
phone (408) 944-6300, fax (408) 944-6314
A PostScript version of this document is available at ftp.uu.net, file
graphics/jpeg/jfif.ps.gz. It can also be obtained by e-mail from the C-Cube
mail server, netlib@c3.pla.ca.us. Send the message "send jfif_ps from jpeg"
to the server to obtain the JFIF document; send the message "help" if you have
trouble.
The TIFF 6.0 file format specification can be obtained by FTP from sgi.com
(192.48.153.1), file graphics/tiff/TIFF6.ps.Z; or you can order a printed
copy from Aldus Corp. at (206) 628-6593. The JPEG incorporation scheme
found in the TIFF 6.0 spec of 3-June-92 has a number of serious problems.
IJG does not recommend use of the TIFF 6.0 design (TIFF Compression tag 6).
Instead, we recommend the JPEG design proposed by TIFF Technical Note #2
(Compression tag 7). Copies of this Note can be obtained from sgi.com or
from ftp.uu.net:/graphics/jpeg/. It is expected that the next revision of
the TIFF spec will replace the 6.0 JPEG design with the Note's design.
Although IJG's own code does not support TIFF/JPEG, the free libtiff library
uses our library to implement TIFF/JPEG per the Note. libtiff is available
from sgi.com:/graphics/tiff/.
ARCHIVE LOCATIONS
=================
The "official" archive site for this software is ftp.uu.net (Internet
address 192.48.96.9). The most recent released version can always be found
there in directory graphics/jpeg. This particular version will be archived
as graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v6a.tar.gz. If you are on the Internet, you
can retrieve files from ftp.uu.net by standard anonymous FTP. If you don't
have FTP access, UUNET's archives are also available via UUCP; contact
help@uunet.uu.net for information on retrieving files that way.
Numerous Internet sites maintain copies of the UUNET files. However, only
ftp.uu.net is guaranteed to have the latest official version.
You can also obtain this software in DOS-compatible "zip" archive format from
the SimTel archives (ftp.coast.net:/SimTel/msdos/graphics/), or on CompuServe
in the Graphics Support forum (GO CIS:GRAPHSUP), library 12 "JPEG Tools".
Again, these versions may sometimes lag behind the ftp.uu.net release.
The JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article is a useful source of
general information about JPEG. It is updated constantly and therefore is
not included in this distribution. The FAQ is posted every two weeks to
Usenet newsgroups comp.graphics.misc, news.answers, and other groups.
You can always obtain the latest version from the news.answers archive at
rtfm.mit.edu. By FTP, fetch /pub/usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part1 and
.../part2. If you don't have FTP, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
with body
send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part1
send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part2
RELATED SOFTWARE
================
Numerous viewing and image manipulation programs now support JPEG. (Quite a
few of them use this library to do so.) The JPEG FAQ described above lists
some of the more popular free and shareware viewers, and tells where to
obtain them on Internet.
If you are on a Unix machine, we highly recommend Jef Poskanzer's free
PBMPLUS image software, which provides many useful operations on PPM-format
image files. In particular, it can convert PPM images to and from a wide
range of other formats. You can obtain this package by FTP from ftp.x.org
(contrib/pbmplus*.tar.Z) or ftp.ee.lbl.gov (pbmplus*.tar.Z). There is also
a newer update of this package called NETPBM, available from
wuarchive.wustl.edu under directory /graphics/graphics/packages/NetPBM/.
Unfortunately PBMPLUS/NETPBM is not nearly as portable as the IJG software
is; you are likely to have difficulty making it work on any non-Unix machine.
A different free JPEG implementation, written by the PVRG group at Stanford,
is available from havefun.stanford.edu in directory pub/jpeg. This program
is designed for research and experimentation rather than production use;
it is slower, harder to use, and less portable than the IJG code, but it
is easier to read and modify. Also, the PVRG code supports lossless JPEG,
which we do not.
FILE FORMAT WARS
================
Some JPEG programs produce files that are not compatible with our library.
The root of the problem is that the ISO JPEG committee failed to specify a
concrete file format. Some vendors "filled in the blanks" on their own,
creating proprietary formats that no one else could read. (For example, none
of the early commercial JPEG implementations for the Macintosh were able to
exchange compressed files.)
The file format we have adopted is called JFIF (see REFERENCES). This format
has been agreed to by a number of major commercial JPEG vendors, and it has
become the de facto standard. JFIF is a minimal or "low end" representation.
We recommend the use of TIFF/JPEG (TIFF revision 6.0 as modified by TIFF
Technical Note #2) for "high end" applications that need to record a lot of
additional data about an image. TIFF/JPEG is fairly new and not yet widely
supported, unfortunately.
The upcoming JPEG Part 3 standard defines a file format called SPIFF.
SPIFF is interoperable with JFIF, in the sense that most JFIF decoders should
be able to read the most common variant of SPIFF. SPIFF has some technical
advantages over JFIF, but its major claim to fame is simply that it is an
official standard rather than an informal one. At this point it is unclear
whether SPIFF will supersede JFIF or whether JFIF will remain the de-facto
standard. IJG intends to support SPIFF once the standard is frozen, but we
have not decided whether it should become our default output format or not.
(In any case, our decoder will remain capable of reading JFIF indefinitely.)
Various proprietary file formats incorporating JPEG compression also exist.
We have little or no sympathy for the existence of these formats. Indeed,
one of the original reasons for developing this free software was to help
force convergence on common, open format standards for JPEG files. Don't
use a proprietary file format!
TO DO
=====
In future versions, we are considering supporting some of the upcoming JPEG
Part 3 extensions --- principally, variable quantization and the SPIFF file
format.
Tuning the software for better behavior at low quality/high compression
settings is also of interest. The current method for scaling the
quantization tables is known not to be very good at low Q values.
As always, speeding things up is high on our priority list.
Please send bug reports, offers of help, etc. to jpeg-info@uunet.uu.net.
****************************************************************************/
}
